نشریه پایداری، توسعه و محیط زیست
سال چهارم شماره 14 (تابستان 1402)

Considering the unknown long-term effects of genetically modified products and the complexities of proving guilt and the relationship between the consumption of these products and their effects on humans and the environment, it is necessary to formulate a special legal system based on the approval of a law specific to these organisms. In this article, using library sources and analytical-comparative method, first of all, the concepts and generalities related to genetically modified products and the difference between the guarantee of executions in the legal system of Iran and the European Union are discussed, the existing challenges and finally the solutions to solve them. These challenges have also been explained Iran's biosafety law, unlike the European Union regulations, does not clarify the compensation system and the method of compensation, and for this reason, it cannot be expected that consumer rights will be properly protected. The biosafety law regarding the rights of consumers of transgenic products has shortcomings and loopholes, which due to the rapid developments in the field of biotechnology, especially the production of more transgenic products and their commercialization, doubles the necessity of its amendment.

Iraq has mild winters and hot and dry weather in long summers, that's why cooling has become the most energy-consuming aspect in Iraq, and the amount of energy consumption is increasing. This problem lies in the unwillingness to use the ways of green building, which is done with the aim of reducing the consumption of energy and natural resources. Therefore, this research focuses on one of these strategies, which is the green roof as the best way to save energy. The purpose of the research is to present an example of roof design using green roof technology in an educational building in Wasit city, and to evaluate the thermal behavior of this technology in improving energy consumption.

 This study was done analytically through the Design Builder program to evaluate the effect of green roof on energy consumption of six types of native plants selected for the climate of Wasit. There are many research variables such as plant height, leaf area index, and growth layer height as research variables, through which the improvement in annual energy consumption is measured.

The results of the numerical analysis showed that after comparing the plants, the best thermal performance of the green roof was for two plants with a height of 15 cm and 20 cm with a high leaf area index. It was 4.43 and 5.82 respectively. The best height of the growing layer to improve energy consumption was determined to be 25 cm and 20 cm. Annual energy savings reached 11.7 and 13.49 respectively.

The green roof in the climate of Wasit city is a practical and sustainable solution for energy consumption in hot and dry weather, and one can take advantage of its many advantages in the climate of the mentioned city.

Sustainable supply chain management is a new approach in the discussion of supply chain management, which is considered based on the concepts of sustainability triangle (Economic, Environmental, Social). In the meantime, choosing a sustainable supplier is a strategic key to success in managing the sustainable supply chain of organizations. Choosing the best supplier according to different and sometimes conflicting criteria complicates the problem that using multi-criteria decision making methods is one of the best ways to solve these problems. On the other hand, the choice of supplier is strongly dependent on the opinion of decision makers, and due to the incompleteness of available information, we face a kind of uncertainty.

 In this paper, the issue of choosing a sustainable supplier in Cement Company is examined. To do this, the combined SWARA and CoCoSo fuzzy approach was used to weight the criteria and rank the suppliers. In the first stage, after collecting the criteria for selecting a sustainable supplier based on the research literature, the criteria were weighted using experts and the F-SWARA method.

The weighting results showed that the economic dimension (0.555) had the highest importance and the environmental (0.296) and social dimensions (0.146) were in the second and third places. Among the criteria, product price (0.284), environmental standards (0.154) and product quality (0.140) gained the highest weight, respectively. Supplier ratings were then calculated using the new F-CoCoSo method, and supplier ratings were obtained for final decision.

According to the criteria of a sustainable supply chain in this study, managers and owners of various industries and businesses according to the findings of this study can choose the right supplier who lives from all three economic dimensions. Environmentally and socially appropriate, take steps and enjoy its benefits.

Measuring residential satisfaction as one of the indicators of the quality of the residential environment is one of the main topics and of interest to researchers in architecture and urban planning studies. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the satisfaction of the residents of Mehr housing in terms of architectural quality, according to the indicators of sustainable architecture that lead to the stability and satisfaction of the residents of Mehr housing.

The current research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection was done in the form of survey and library studies. The statistical population of the research includes 25394 residents of Mehr Sahand housing, of which 378 people were selected as a sample to distribute the questionnaire using the Cochran sampling method. Face validity was used for validity of questions and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. For data analysis, structural equation method with Spss and Amos software was used. The results showed that according to the second-order factor analysis, the factor loadings of all factors of sustainable architecture quality on the satisfaction level of the residents of Mehr residence are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 99% probability level. The results of the research showed that the greatest effects were related to physical-functional factors with a factor load (0.75), followed by socio-semantic factors with a factor load (0.69) and structural-spatial quality with a factor load (0.61). and environmental quality with factor load (0.55).

In the end, it is concluded that four architectural quality factors have been effective in terms of sustainable architecture indicators and have a direct and meaningful relationship with the residents' satisfaction with Mehr housing city Sahand.

social participation is one of the basic elements in the evolution towards adaptive forms of good governance and achieving effective and conscious participation in the field of environment is not an easy task, one of the main reasons of which may be the fact that its components in policies and the plans are not properly understood. The current research was done with the aim of presenting an interactive and process model and drawing the structural connections of attracting participation in the field of environment with an emphasis on the effective factors and its limitations.

The current research is of an applied type, which was conducted with a mixed method, and the data collection tool is an interview and a questionnaire of experts. In this study, the structural-interpretive modeling method was used to structure and draw interactive relationships. Finally, by using MICMAC analysis, the indicators were analyzed according to effectiveness.

According to the findings, there are 13 components of the conditions governing the society, social trust, sense of social belonging, social responsibility, individual personality factors, context and possibility of participation, motivation for participation, knowledge and awareness, social-cultural limitation, structural-legal limitation, economic limitation, executive limitation, social participation in environmental protection were identified and classified in six levels, in such a way that the conditions governing the society were placed in the sixth level and social participation in environmental protection was placed in the first level.

Knowing the factors affecting participation and the causal relationships between them will help managers and decision makers to reduce environmental problems and challenges, create integrated policies, make strategic decisions, etc. with lower costs and more effectiveness.

Today, with the increasing use of the Internet and network communications, experts have decided to add objects to the wide circle of intelligence so that apart from humans, objects themselves have the ability to communicate with each other in crisis situations. Therefore, they have created Internet of Things technology as an environmentally friendly technology. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of Internet of Things technology as an environmentally friendly technology in the expanding and improving businesses based on customer value.

This research was descriptive-analytical and was conducted in 2021. The method of collecting information in this study is the method of library studies, scientific resources, internet, interviews with experts, professors and the means of collecting information through questionnaires. The sample size investigated in this research was 385 people, most of whom were between 30-39 years old.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the analysis of the Internet of Things network model as an environmentally friendly technology and the participation of ecosystems (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between the interactions of e-commerce ecosystems and Internet of Things architecture (P<0.05). Internet of things has a positive and meaningful effect directly on business components. The estimated coefficient was equal to 0.137, which was significant at the 95% level.

In general, the results showed that reducing environmental pollution, protecting the soil, forests and water resources and preventing the wastage of energy resources are measures that can be taken by applying advanced Internet of Things technology as an environmentally friendly technology. It was achieved.